ADAM Health Encyclopedia

Salivary gland disorders

Definition

Salivary gland disorders refer to conditions that cause swelling or pain in the saliva-producing tissues around the mouth.

Causes

The salivary glands produce saliva (spit), which moistens food to aid chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion process. Saliva also cleans the mouth by washing away bacteria and food particles. Saliva keeps the mouth moist and helps to keep dentures or orthodontic appliances (such as retainers) in place.

There are three pairs of salivary glands:

• The two largest are the parotid glands, one in each cheek in front of the ears.
• Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw.
• Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth.

All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth.

The salivary glands may become inflamed (irritated) because of infection, tumors, or stones.

Related topics:

• Salivary gland infections
• Salivary duct stones
• Salivary duct tumors

Symptoms

• Swelling of the face or neck
• Swelling in front of the ears
• Pain in the face or mouth pain
• Abnormal tastes, foul tastes
• Decreased ability to open the mouth
• Discomfort when opening the mouth
• Dry mouth

Exams and Tests

Tests vary depending on the suspected disorder.

Treatment

The treatment varies depending on the specific disorder.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most salivary gland disorders respond well to treatment. See the specific disorders.

Possible Complications

See the specific disorders.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

ALWAYS call your health care provider if symptoms indicate that one of the salivary gland disorders may be present.

Prevention

Most of the problems with salivary glands are not preventable. Adequate hydration, use of sialogogues (things that increase salivation -- for example, sour candy), and massage of the gland can increase salivary flow and help prevent infection.